The role and function of skin and temperature control

The skin is arguably the largest organ in the body. It has two layers the dermis and the epidermis. It has numerous functions which are;

·        Keeps other organs in place

·        Stops pathogens entering

·        Helps in the prevention of getting burnt

·        Almost waterproof

·        Prevents unregulated water loss

·        Sensitive to touch and pain

·        Regulates body temperature through homeostasis

·        Makes vitamin D and melanin

·        Excretory role in removing urea

When we get hot we perspire, this is our body cooling us down. Sweat is a dilute solution containing solutes Inc urea. It is removed through millions of sweat glands, transferred via ducts to the surface of the skin where it evaporates.

When our body temperatures are raised the hypothalamus sends a nerve signal to the sweat producing glands, this in effect causes the glands to release water. The hypothalamus also causes dilation of the blood vessels of the skin. This allows more blood to flow into those areas taking the heat away from the skins surface, known as vasodilation. Also when the skin is hot the hairs lie flat.

When your body is cold the hairs stand on end to keep you warm. The sweat glands also constrict and sweat production ceases. The blood supply to the skin also closes off, this is called vasoconstriction. If you got too cold our bodies would engage in thermiogenisis, this is a rise in metabolic rate, or by shivering.